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vacancy$89289$ - ترجمة إلى إيطالي

TYPE OF POINT DEFECT IN A CRYSTAL, IN WHICH AN ATOM IS MISSING FROM ONE OF THE LATTICE SITES
Vacancy (chemistry); Crystal vacancy
  •  bibcode = 2015NatCo...6.6293H}}</ref>

vacancy      
n. posto libero, vacanza; stanza libera; appartamento libero; inoperosità, oziosità, inerzia; (fig) ottusità, stupidità; vuoto, spazio vuoto; lacuna
built up         
  • Patience or solitaire cards
  • Layout for ''The Carpet''
WIKIMEDIA GLOSSARY LIST ARTICLE
Solitaire/Terminology; Solitaire terminology; Built up; Glossary of solitaire; Foundation (cards); Foundation (solitaire); Glossary of solitaire terms; Glossary of Patience terms; Tableau (cards); Patience terminology; Patience glossary; Foundations (patience term); Pack (patience term); Card pack (patience term); Tableau (patience term); Talon (patience term); Space (patience term); Waste pile (patience term); Available (patience term); Out (patience term); Glossary of patience or solitaire terms; Layout (patience term); Descending sequence; Ascending sequence; Foundation card (patience term); Base card (patience term); Sequence (patience term); Family (patience term); Build (patience term); Glossary of patience or card solitaire terms; Re-deal (patience term); Wastepile (patience term); Stock (patience term); Reserve (solitaire term); Available (solitaire term); Foundation (solitaire term); Foundation card; Rank (solitaire term); Pile (solitaire term); Tableau (solitaire term); Built down; Play (solitaire term); Alternating colors; Wrapping (solitaire term); Waste pile (solitaire term); Column (solitaire term); Stock (solitaire term); Patience terms; Vacancy (patience term); Glossary of patience and solitaire terms; Base card; Depot (patience term); Reserve (patience term); Blocked (patience term); Grace (patience term); Row (patience term); Pile (patience term); Grace card; Reserve pile; Building (patience term); Wrap (patience term); Exposed card; Topmost card; Built up (patience term); Wing (patience term); Get out (patience term); Chockered; Redeal (patience term); Vacancies (patience term); Top card; Packing (patience term); Fan (patience term); Bases (patience term); Build down; Overlapping (patience term); Columns (patience term); Play (patience term); Game is out; Block (patience term); Uppermost card; Shuttling (patience term); Foundation (patience term); Marriage (patience term); Denomination (patience term); Rows (patience term); Spaces (patience term); Piles (patience term); Sequences (patience term); Alternating colour; Packed (patience term); Column (patience term); Rubbish-heap; Worrying back; Worry back; Families (patience term); Build up (patience term); Alternating color; Downcard (patience term); Beneath (patience term); Depots (patience term); Deal (patience term); Packet (patience term); Built (patience term); Rubbish heap (patience term); Getting it out; Row (solitaire term); Base (solitaire term); Base (patience term); Available card; Deal (solitaire term); Gap (solitaire term); Gap (patience term); Space (solitaire term); Wastepile (solitaire term); Depot (solitaire term); Stack (solitaire term); Stack (patience term); Pack (solitaire); Turning the corner
composto, fatto a strati; fabbricato, edificato, urbano

تعريف

vacancy
n.
1) to create a vacancy
2) to fill a vacancy
3) (misc.) no vacancy (the sign reads no vacancy)

ويكيبيديا

Vacancy defect

In crystallography, a vacancy is a type of point defect in a crystal where an atom is missing from one of the lattice sites. Crystals inherently possess imperfections, sometimes referred to as crystallographic defects.

Vacancies occur naturally in all crystalline materials. At any given temperature, up to the melting point of the material, there is an equilibrium concentration (ratio of vacant lattice sites to those containing atoms). At the melting point of some metals the ratio can be approximately 1:1000. This temperature dependence can be modelled by

N v = N exp ( Q v k B T ) {\displaystyle N_{\rm {v}}=N\exp \left({\frac {-Q_{\rm {v}}}{k_{\rm {B}}T}}\right)}

where Nv is the vacancy concentration, Qv is the energy required for vacancy formation, kB is the Boltzmann constant, T is the absolute temperature, and N is the concentration of atomic sites i.e.

N = m N A M {\displaystyle N={\frac {mN_{\rm {A}}}{M}}}

where m is mass, NA the Avogadro constant, and M the molar mass.

It is the simplest point defect. In this system, an atom is missing from its regular atomic site. Vacancies are formed during solidification due to vibration of atoms, local rearrangement of atoms, plastic deformation and ionic bombardments.

The creation of a vacancy can be simply modeled by considering the energy required to break the bonds between an atom inside the crystal and its nearest neighbor atoms. Once that atom is removed from the lattice site, it is put back on the surface of the crystal and some energy is retrieved because new bonds are established with other atoms on the surface. However, there is a net input of energy because there are fewer bonds between surface atoms than between atoms in the interior of the crystal.